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The developmental stages listed below provide a benchmark against which children's general development could be measured. If the performance of the children lags far behind their peers, their parents should consult their medical doctor or arrange for a check at the Maternal and Child Health Centre to see if a referral should be made to Child Assessment Centre of the Department of Health for further assessment.
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0-1 year
| Intellectual Development |
| • | | Follow moving object with eye movement |
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| Reach out and grasp musical or spinning objects |
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| Look for objects that disappear from view |
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| Turn his head to the direction of sound calling from behind |
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| Put objects into and pour them out from a container |
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| Reach out for toy that is far away from him (e.g. pull a toy car to himself with a rope) |
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| Social & Emotional Development |
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| Turn his face to or smile at approaching and familiar people |
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| Reach for object, such as towel which covers an adult's face |
| • | | Smile when playing hide-and-seek |
| • | | Turn his head to the direction of name calling |
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| Language Development |
| • | | Locate the source of sound |
| • | | Respond to his name |
| • | | Communicate with people by making sound deliberately |
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| Gross Motor Development |
| • | | Press his hands against the floor when being held by his pelvic bones by adult (6 months) |
| • | | Maintain his balance for 30 seconds when sitting on the floor and can reach for toys with both hands (7-8 months) |
| • | | Be down on his knees and hands, and reach for toys (9 months) |
| • | | Stand alone for 5 seconds (9-12 months) |
| • | | Stand up from sitting posture with support of furniture (10-12 months) |
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| Fine Motor Development |
| • | | Reach for objects spontaneously |
| • | | Grasp objects with his palm |
| • | | Poke objects with index fingers |
| • | | Take objects out and put them into container |
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| Life Skills Development |
| • | | Suck milk from bottle |
| • | | Put food on spoon into mouth with both lips |
| • | | Drink from cup held by adult |
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1-2 years
| Intellectual Development |
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Flip through picture books page by page |
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Explore interesting objects with hands (e.g. touching, patting, twisting) |
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Achieve goals with the aid of complex body movements |
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Understand the names of some objects |
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Point to not less than 3 important parts of body in response to naming |
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Put two pegs into holes |
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Solve problems by trial and error |
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| Social & Emotional Development |
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Imitate motions or behaviors of others |
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Look at the direction pointed by adults |
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Greet people or share food if prompted by adults |
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Respond to simple situational commands, e.g. 'give me', 'sit down', 'get the toy for me' |
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Play with others in an interactive way, e.g. pushing ball |
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| Language Development |
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Say single words, mainly objects, people and actions |
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Understand the names of objects |
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Understand situational commands |
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Understand collocations |
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| Gross Motor Development |
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Climb up and down stairs by himself |
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Bend and pick up objects from the floor |
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Squat for 30 seconds |
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Walk steadily |
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| Fine Motor Development |
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Put small objects into containers with his thumb and index finger |
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Build a tower of 2 bricks |
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Scribble with crayons |
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Tear objects apart with two hands |
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Put one circular cup into another circular cup |
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| Life Skills Development |
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Put food into his mouth with fingers |
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Suck up liquid through a straw |
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Chew solid food |
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Use gestures or speech to show his toilet needs |
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Pull down his trousers with both hands |
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2-3 years
| Intellectual Development |
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Point out learnt picture by the name (e.g. orange, grape, bus, doll) |
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Match 4 colors (e.g. red, yellow, blue, green) |
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Match 3 basic shapes |
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Line up 3 blocks horizontally by imitation |
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Count from 1 to 3 |
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Tell the names of objects (e.g. flowers, the sun, ships) |
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| Social and Emotional Development |
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Do simple housework in response to adults' instruction |
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Enjoy role play or hide-and-seek |
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Answer questions like 'what's your name?', 'how old are you?' |
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Identify community facilities, such as McDonald's, MTR stations |
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| Language Development |
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Use adjectives, such as big/small, dirty/clean |
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Understand commands made up of two components, e.g. place the apple here |
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Understand simple questions, such as 'what is it?' |
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Say 2-3 words phrases, e.g. mum cut apples |
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| Gross Motor Development |
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Jump forward by 4 inches without losing his balance |
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Jump over a rope which is 2-inch high |
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Jump from a platform which is 4-inch high |
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Move on a balance beam which is 6 inches in width by putting one foot in front of the other foot |
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Walk up one stair every two steps by himself |
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| Fine Motor Development |
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Build a tower of 7 bricks |
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Thread 2 beads of 1.5 cm in diameter |
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Turn the pages of book one at a time |
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Hold crayon with first three fingers and draw circles by imitation |
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| Life Skills Development |
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Pick up food with spoon from a bowl and eat |
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Drink from a cup alone without spilling it |
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Sit on the potty to empty his bladder or bowel |
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Undress simple clothing, e.g. socks, shoes, trousers, jackets |
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3-4 years
| Intellectual Development |
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Distinguish between boys and girls |
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Identify simple shapes, e.g. rectangle, square or circle |
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Identify common colors, e.g. red, yellow, green or blue |
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Count from 1 to 10 |
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Achieve goals by means, e.g. cut oranges with knife |
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Know what is 'up' and what is 'down'. |
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| Social and Emotional Development |
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Follow instructions, e.g. give mum the blocks |
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Say “Thank You” to others properly |
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Understand why others are angry or happy, e.g. his little brother is crying because he has lost his car |
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Answer questions about his family, e.g. 'where do you live?' |
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| Language Development |
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Say phrases composed of 3 or more words, e.g. 'Dad goes to work by bus' |
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Use conjunctions, e.g. 'after that' |
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Ask different questions |
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Understand collective nouns, e.g. 'stationery', 'fruit' |
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Understand commands composed of 3 components, e.g. 'the dog wants a soft drink and vegetables' |
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| Gross Motor Development |
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Stride over 1 foot |
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Run toward and kick a static ball for 5 feet |
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Throw a tennis ball for 3 feet |
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Walk for 10 feet while holding a tray by both hands without knocking down the cup on the tray |
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| Fine Motor Development |
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Cut a strip of paper that is 5 cm in width with a pair of scissors |
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Draw a triangle by limitation |
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Draw lines within the boundary of 1 cm |
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Fasten big buttons with coordinated hand movements |
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| Life Skills Development |
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Feed self with spoon neatly |
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Flush the toilet after use |
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Dress and undress simple clothing, e.g. socks, shoes |
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Turn on and off water tap |
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4-5 years
| Intellectual Development |
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Take out 1-10 items |
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Understand the meaning of "in front of", "behind" or "near" |
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Fill the missing numbers in 1-20 |
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Identify common shapes, e.g. circle, square, triangle, star-shape, rectangle, heart-shape |
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Name the kind of colors up to 9 |
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| Social and Emotional Development |
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Relay simple messages, e.g. 'tell mum to bring a towel container next time' |
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Take part in role-playing games |
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Engage in group games that require turns taking |
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| Language Development |
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Understand why things happen in daily life, e.g. why people have to drink water? |
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Enjoy jokes and riddles |
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Understand and recount simple stories |
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Engage in telephone conversation |
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| Gross Motor Development |
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Stand on 1 foot for 5 seconds without losing his balance |
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Stride and jump forward for 2 feet |
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Jump with two feet over a fence with a height up to his knees |
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Catch an 8-inches plastic ball thrown from 6 feet away with both hands |
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Throw a tennis ball, which hits the wall 5 feet away after hitting the floor once |
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| Fine Motor Development |
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Assemble small bricks that tightly fit together with two hands, e.g. Lego |
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Draw simple pictures by imitation, e.g. “+”, “X” |
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Cut with a pair of scissors along a straight line for 8 cm |
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Thread a rope with one hand through a pegboard panel held by another hand |
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| Life Skills Development |
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Shove food into his mouth with chopsticks |
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Put on and take off T-shirts, underwear and other causal clothes |
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Twist a towel roughly and wipe his face |
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Brush his teeth and wash his mouth with clean water |
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5-6 years
| Intellectual Development |
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Draw simple pictures of people or animals, and tell the names of those pictures |
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Do addition and subtraction of numbers up to 5 by counting fingers |
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Select one piece or half a piece. |
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Tell his birthday |
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Grouping objects of the same nature, e.g. fruit, animal, clothing |
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| Social and Emotional Development |
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Remain silent during learning activity on request by adult |
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Leave classroom only with consent of teacher |
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Finish task independently without close monitoring from adult |
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| Language Development |
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Comprehend the speech of adult |
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Speak fluently with adult's sentence structure |
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Use reasoning to figure out why things happen, e.g. 'why did he walk so fast?' |
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Reason with the aid of language |
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| Gross Motor Development |
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Stand on one leg and maintain balance for 10 seconds |
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Throw a tennis ball against the floor with one hand and use the same hand to catch the ball |
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Hop on one foot for 8 consecutive times (for both feet) |
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Hit a balloon upwards with alternate hands for 4 times |
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Hit a basketball with one single hand for 3 consecutive times |
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| Fine Motor Development |
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Cut shapes out with scissors |
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Write words (such as flowers, dogs) within a square with sides of 2 cm in length. |
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Draw straight line of 10 cm in length with a ruler |
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| Life Skills Development |
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Clean himself with toilet paper after emptying his bowels |
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Distinguish inside and outside, front and back, left and right sides of clothing |
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Take a bath and apply cream to his body on his own |
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Make the bed roughly |
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